A learning experience doesn’t have to be linear, meaning everyone follows the same path in the same order. It can be modular (with interchangeable activities) and personalised, for example, using a diagnostic test to direct learners down different paths depending on their level.

That said, skill development tends to follow a series of key phases. An optimal pathway should ideally include these phases, often in chronological order, even if there are opportunities to revisit earlier stages. Each phase aligns with specific educational modalities.

Learners assess their initial level of competence.

If your learners have preconceived notions or habits that aren’t aligned with your goals, begin with a phase of "unlearning." For instance, you could ask them questions and provide feedback on their responses to challenge their assumptions.

In this phase, learners acquire the knowledge they need. This is the "lesson" phase—though it doesn’t have to be a lecture—or the "resources" phase.

During this phase, learners practice tentatively, not to be judged by others but to progress until they can correctly apply what they’ve learned, even if slowly at first.

Learners take time to reflect on their practice, either individually or collaboratively, and consider better strategies for future application.

Learners continue practicing regularly until their learning becomes almost automatic, requiring less effort while maintaining precision.

To ensure that the learning objectives have been achieved.

Keywords: Assessment, modalities, positioning, deconstruction, automation, evaluation

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